2026-11-11 한국어
usBasic

How Australia works, in plain words

New laws that affect you

Recent changes, in plain words. Check the official source for details.

  1. 01

    NewSocial media: 16 and over

    Under 16? No social media accounts

    Big social media platforms must stop under-16s from having accounts.

    • Started on 10 December 2025
    • Covers big platforms such as TikTok, Instagram, Snapchat and YouTube
    • Fines are for the platforms, up to $49.5 million. Children and parents are not fined
    From 10 December 2025 eSafety Commissioner
  2. 02

    NewRight to disconnect

    You don't have to answer work messages after hours

    Workers can refuse to read or reply to work contact outside working hours, unless that's unreasonable.

    • Started on 26 August 2024
    • Small business workers got it on 26 August 2025
    • Questions? : 13 13 94
    From 26 August 2024 Fair Work Ombudsman
  3. 03

    NewLower tax rate

    The lowest tax rate is now 15%

    The tax rate for income between $18,201 and $45,000 went down.

    • From 1 July 2026: 16% → 15%
    • From 1 July 2027 it goes down again to 14%
    • You don't need to do anything. Your employer takes less tax
    From 1 July 2026 ATO
  4. 04

    NewStudent debt cut

    Student debts cut by 20%

    HELP student loan debts were cut by 20%.

    • It applied to debts as at 1 June 2025
    • The applied the cut for you. You don't need to apply
    • Check your balance in
    Debts as at 1 June 2025 ATOStudyAssist

General information only, not legal advice. Laws can be different in each state.

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Preferential voting

You number the people in order: 1, 2, 3. If your first choice can't win, your vote goes to your next choice.

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Compulsory voting

All enrolled citizens must vote. If you don't, you need a good reason.

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Electorate

An area that picks one member for the House of Representatives. Also called a seat.

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Coalition

2 or more parties that work together. In Australia it usually means the Liberal and National parties.

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Governor-General

The King's representative in Australia. Signs new laws, but follows the government's advice.

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Referendum

A vote by all voters to change the Constitution.

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Constitution

Australia's main rule book. It says how Parliament, the government and the courts work.

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Enrol

Put your name on the list of voters. You do it with the AEC.

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Magistrate

The person who decides cases in the Local or Magistrates Court.

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Bond

Money you pay when you start renting, often about 4 weeks of rent. You get it back at the end if there is no damage and no rent owing.

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Super

Short for superannuation. Money your boss saves for you for when you stop working.

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Tribunal

A place to fix disputes. It is simpler and cheaper than a court.

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Tax-free threshold

The first $18,200 you earn in a tax year. You pay no tax on it. Claim it from one job only.

Short form
Rego
Registration

Your car's registration. You pay it regularly, often every year, to drive on public roads.

Short form
CTP
Compulsory Third Party insurance

Insurance you must have for your car. It pays for people who are hurt in a crash.

Short form
TFN
Tax File Number

Your own number for tax. It is free and you keep it for life.

Short form
ABN
Australian Business Number

A number for a business. You need one if you work for yourself, for example as a contractor.

Short form
GST
Goods and Services Tax

A 10% tax on most things you buy. It is usually already in the price.

Short form
PAYG
Pay As You Go

Tax your boss takes out of your pay and sends to the ATO.

Short form
HECS-HELP
Higher Education Loan

A government loan for uni fees. You pay it back through tax once you earn enough.

Short form
ATO
Australian Taxation Office

The government office for tax and super.

Short form
AEC
Australian Electoral Commission

Runs federal elections and keeps the list of voters.

Short form
PR
Permanent Resident

Someone who can live in Australia for good but is not a citizen yet. PRs can't vote in federal elections.

Short form
MP
Member of Parliament

A person elected to speak for your area in parliament.

Short form
RSA
Responsible Service of Alcohol

A certificate you need to serve alcohol at work, like in a bar or restaurant.

Short form
L and P plates
Learner and Provisional licence

L plates: you are learning to drive with a supervisor. P plates: you have a new licence with extra rules.

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Medicare

Australia’s public health system. It pays some or all of the cost of seeing a doctor and of public hospital care.

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myGov

A free government account. One login for the ATO, Medicare and Centrelink.

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Council

Your local government. It looks after bins, local roads, parks and libraries.

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Minimum wage

The lowest pay an employer is allowed to pay. It is reviewed every year.

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Payslip

A record of your pay: hours, pay, tax taken out and super.

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Voluntary administration

When a struggling company hands control to an outside expert, who decides if it can be saved.

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Lease

Your rental agreement. It sets the rent, how long you stay and the rules.

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Condition report

A form that records what the home looks like when you move in. It helps protect your bond.

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Prime Minister

The leader of the federal government.

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Premier

The leader of a state government.

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Territory

A part of Australia that is not a state, like the ACT and the Northern Territory.

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Fair Work

The government office that helps with pay and rights at work. Phone 13 13 94.

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Bill

A plan for a new law, before parliament passes it.

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Appeal

Asking a higher court to look at a decision again.

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Jury

A group of ordinary people who decide if someone is guilty.